While HIF PHD inhibitors, which stabilize HIF1α and activate its downstream pathway, have shown significant benefit in providing neuroprotection, decreasing ROS levels with antioxidants (which would decrease HIF1α signaling if we consider ROS as an upstream regulator of HIF1α stability) has also shown benefits from cerebral ischemia (Green and Shuaib, 2006). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is brain ischemia.