PDK4 and neoplasm: Among the most upregulated genes were PDK4 which is known to influence glucose metabolism, the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand NRG1 and the stress response factor ATF3 that depending on cell type and microenvironment have been reported to be involved in carcinogenesis but also in tumor suppression (Chen et al., 2018; Choiniere et al., 2017; Shi et al., 2018).