TLR8 and neoplasm: Tumor-secreted exosomal miR-21 and miR-29a can bind to murine TLR7 (Toll-like receptor 7) and human TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) in immune cells, inducing a TLR -mediated inflammatory response that may eventually provide suitable conditions for tumor metastasis (Fabbri et al., 2012).