Although BV is a multifactorial condition, with no one organism being linked to increased or decreased concentrations of mucosal cytokines, our study showed that TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, MIF, and IL-8 appeared to be differentially regulated bychanges in the relative abundance of BVAB1 and G. vaginalis. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL8 and bacterial vaginosis.