Compared to pre-treatment samples, a significant reduction in concentrations of certain cytokines was noted in post-treatment SoftCup supernatants of women who cleared BV, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p= 0.027), IL-1β (p= 0.002); IL-8 (p= 0.040); LIF (p= 0.043). Here, CXCL8 is linked to bacterial vaginosis.