Accompanying the decrease in ROS, NLRP3, Caspase-1 p10, and Caspase-3 p17 levels (Figure 6A) due to E. coli infection was mitigated by NAC, which indicated that E. coli-induced NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis activation required ROS production. Here, CASP1 is linked to escherichia coli infection.