TGFB1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Our results validate previously described differential gene expression due to hypoxic exposure, including increases in HIF, Wnt, TGFβ, and BMP related genes in ECs as well as tyrosine-kinase receptors, fibroblast growth factors, and cytoskeletal protein RNA in SMCs that have been associated with hypoxic animal models and humans with chronic hypoxia due to pulmonary arterial hypertension (Chan and Vanhoutte, 2013; Lei et al., 2016; Tao et al., 2018).