TAK-242, which is a TLR4 specific inhibitor, induces microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype and exerts a neuroprotective effect on AD mice, with the underlying mechanism possibly being related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway (Cui et al., 2020). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is Alzheimer disease.