Utilizing the expression levels from three genes (i.e., PCA3, ERG, and SPDEF), EPI provides a risk score predicting whether a patient presenting for their first biopsy with an equivocal PSA from 2 to 10 ng/mL is likely to have GG2 or greater (high-grade) prostate cancer. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer.