CCL2 and liver cancer: Similarly, a U-shape relationship of NE/EPI concentration to CCL2 expression was also found in liver cancer cells (Supplementary Fig. 6 F), BMDMs (Supplementary Fig. 6G), and G-MDSCs (Supplementary Fig. 6H), suggesting that moderate NE/EPI level and activation of SNS/β-AR signaling led to better CCL2 control.