CD8A and neoplasm: To explore the influence of EE on CD8+ T cells through G-MDSCs and macrophages, primary CD8+ T cells were cocultured with polarized G-MDSCs or macrophages in vitro, which were isolated from femurs of wild-type mice or subcutaneous layer from Hepa1-6 tumor-burden mice under SE or EE housing condition (Supplementary Fig. 3B, C).