IL6 and infection: Systemic distribution of bacteria plays an essential role in the induction of sepsis, SIRS, and CARS.54 While SIRS is associated with massive secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, CARS is linked to production of the regulatory cytokine IL-10.54 Moreover, CARS and SIRS are not temporally distinct phases, and may coexist and overlap within the same patient.55 In this study, mice with PAO1 infection show the upregulated IL-6 and IL-10 levels.