PDCD1 and cancer: Number of CD8+ TILs and TMB are two of the most widely used and clinically validated biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy.36–39 Since patients with high CD8+ TILs or TMB correlate well with better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs; eg, anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) or anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)),36–39 we speculated that patients with low proportion of DP pTemra cells are more likely to show good response to ICIs.