A Canadian pilot study, by Nam et al conducted in a group of 47 men from the general population, recruited via newspaper advert, found that mpMRI was better able to predict prostate cancer than PSA (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.4, p=0.004 vs OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.4, p=0.21).13 This pilot study was used to inform a larger trial using bpMRI that is currently ongoing (NCT02799303). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer.