AMPK is a key metabolic regulator in T cells as a metabolic stress sensor, which was reported to be closely related to the formation of central memory cells. Met (an AMPK activator) was utilized to promote the differentiation of CD8+ TCM, which could also relieve the hypoxia of TME [55, 56], down-regulate PD-L1 protein on tumor cells[57], and decrease the expression of PD-1 on T cells (Fig. 2E). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.