The ability of GAS to cause these distinct human infections is associated with the production of an extensive repertoire of cell wall-associated and secreted virulence proteins, such as M protein, pilus, IgG endopeptidase, C5a peptidase, Sda1 DNase, SpeB cysteine protease, pore-forming toxins, and superantigens. This evidence concerns the gene CTSB and infection.