Prior transfection of miR-24 inhibited IRF3 activation in HSV1 infected cells, whereas antimiR-24 enhanced it (Fig 2B); consequently, IFN-β mRNA and IFIT-1 mRNA induction by virus infection was suppressed by miR-24 and augmented by antimiR-24 (S1C and S1D Fig). This evidence concerns the gene IRF3 and viral infectious disease.