Takahashi et al. [20] analyzed data from Japanese patients enrolled in ATTRACTION-3, which was a global, randomized, open-label, phase 3 study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of nivolumab versus chemotherapy as second-line treatment in patients with advanced ESCC who were refractory to or intolerant of standard chemotherapy, regardless of PD-L1 expression. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.