Another study conducted among PLWH reported that having at least one apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele, a particular ApoE genotype thought to be associated with late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (Montufar et al., 2017), was associated with decreased cognitive performance, and reduced white matter in the brain, and potentially exacerbated by existing HIV-related pathology (Wendelken et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene APOE and Alzheimer disease.