Shorter duration of illness for CFS patients had significantly lower levels compared to CFS patients with longer duration of illness for TNF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3 and IL-10 (p ​≤ ​.001, for these cytokines). The gene discussed is TGFB3; the disease is myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.