IL15 and irritable bowel syndrome: In a recent proof-of-concept study performed in 40 patients with IBS, we showed that Lactobacillus paracasei CNCM I-1572 improves IBS symptoms through a significant reduction in genus Ruminococcus associated with a reduction of IL-15, linked with the modulation of IEB, and a significant increase in the fecal SCFAs acetate and butyrate (201).