In addition to down-regulating NF-κB, we uncovered that BCA2 activates interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) (Colomer-Lluch and Serra-Moreno, 2017), a well-known tumor suppressor and immunomodulatory transcription factor (Bouker et al., 2005), although the mechanism by which BCA2 achieves this remains to be elucidated. Here, IRF1 is linked to neoplasm.