LCN2 treatment has itself resulted into an increased expression of MMP1, MMP3 and MMP9 along with an upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, ICAM-1 and C-X-C motif chemokine 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in pancreatic cancer stellate cells [253]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and pancreatic neoplasm.