The vaccine could induce the production of SIgA and reduce colonization and cariogenicity of S. mutans in a mice caries model.75 Similarly, a fusion anticaries DNA vaccine, pGLUA-P, encoding two antigen fragments, a GLU fragment of GtfB and A-P fragment of PAc, reduced the levels of dental caries induced by S. mutans in rats.76 To generate a more persistent and larger amount of antigen, a dual promoter consisting of CMV and nirB promoter driving expression of the genes encoding two virulence factors of S. mutans, the saliva-binding region of PAc and the GB region of GtfB. The gene discussed is PACC1; the disease is dental caries.