It has been shown that F. nucleatum activated autophagy-mediated metastasis of CRC via caspase activation and recruitment domain 3 (CARD3, also called RIP2), a serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase with carboxyl-terminal CARD, containing 2 LIR motifs that interact directly with LC3 and are conserved in humans and rodents116. This evidence concerns the gene MAP1LC3A and colorectal carcinoma.