The results showed that GCF supAR and galectin levels were significantly higher among patients with gingivitis and periodontitis compared with controls;42 however, there was no difference in the GCF levels of these proteins when compared between patients with gingivitis and periodontitis.42 The study concluded that suPAR and galectin-1 are potential biomarkers of periodontal disease and may play a role in the development and prognosis of periodontal disease. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS1 and periodontal disorder.