TNF and Thrombocytopenia: In addition, plasma levels of cytokines – such as TNF-α, IL1-β, IL-8, IL-10; EC activation/damage markers, VCAM-1, E-selectin, VWF-A2, Ang-2, Ang-2:Ang1 ratio; Syndecan-1; thrombopoiesis-inducing cytokines, TPO and IL-11; platelet activation marker, CD40L; and neutrophil activation marker, L-selectin – follow the increase in thrombocytopenia severity (Figure 6—figure supplement 2).