KCNJ11 and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus: PNDM is less frequent than TNDM and 70% of TNDM cases are caused by chromosomal 6q24 anomalies, and 25% are caused by mutations in the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes, which either encode subunits of KATP channels in the pancreatic β-cells (Gunes et al., 2021).