There were no significant differences between the rates of APC alterations in the LGD (4/5, 80%) and HGD/CIS groups (9/11, 81.9%), KRAS alterations in the LGD (2/5, 40%) and HGD/CIS groups (2/11, 18.2%), BRAF alterations in the LGD (1/5, 20%) and HGD/CIS groups (2/11, 18.2%), or TP53 alterations in the LGD (0/5, 0%) and HGD/CIS groups (1/11, 9.1%) (Fig. 5). This evidence concerns the gene APC and in situ carcinoma.