TNF and gastroparesis: At baseline, patients with gastroparesis symptoms exhibited increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (46.64 to 53.01 pg/mL) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) (22.18 to 7.46 pg/mL) (normal Interleukin-6 10.1 pg/mL and TNF 7.1 pg/mL, respectively).