PRKAA1 and breast cancer: This combined treatment resulted in a significant induction of apoptosis and reduction in AMPKα1 expression in several different breast cancer cell lines, including MDA-MB-157, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells (Fig. 1c–e), whereas the same dose of doxorubicin with 1 mM melatonin did not show a synergistic effect.