Knockdown of AMPKα1 via siRNA in MDA-MB-157 and MCF-7 cells resulted in a marked augmentation of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis (Fig. 2a), whereas overexpression of AMPKα1 rendered these breast cancer cells highly resistant to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis (Fig. 2b, c). Here, PRKAA1 is linked to breast cancer.