For example, rare variants have been identified in patients with late-onset sporadic AD in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 (ref. 12); in patients with both late- and early-onset sporadic PD in SNCA, PARK2, LRRK2, and VPS35 (refs. 13,14); and in patients with both familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in SOD1, FUS, and DNAJC715. The gene discussed is PRKN; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.