Thus, in addition to the epigenetic modulation of HOXA1 and the sponging hsa-miR-129-5p and hsa-miR-495-3p, sponging of hsa-miR-17-5p (and potentially other TGM2-binding miRNAs) by HOTAIRM1 may cause increased TGM2 mRNA and protein expression in glioblastoma. This evidence concerns the gene HOXA1 and glioblastoma.