IL1RL1 and neoplasm: We further demonstrated that CD44 engagement by GPNMB activates in tumor cells the expression of several factors, including chemokines, e.g.: CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, cytokines: IL-6, IL-11, IL-33, and the IL-33 receptor: IL-1RL1, also named ST2 (Liguori et al. 2021).