During the past decade, pCR rates have increased, especially among patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, with the majority currently achieving ypT0 (pCR-B) status.7–9 The increasing pCR-B rates have led to the question whether breast cancer surgery may be omitted for certain patients: For these patients without residual cancer after NST, breast surgery probably is no primary therapeutic procedure but rather a diagnostic procedure without much benefit compared with adjuvant radiotherapy or systemic treatment. The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is breast cancer.