In summary, as illustrated in Fig. 8, these results indicate that CpG-2722 is capable of sharpening up the tumor microenvironment by inducing various inflammatory cytokines including IL-12, IFN-γ, and type I IFNs, and increasing the accumulation of pDCs, inflammatory M1 macrophages and CD8 positive T cells. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.