The function of CpG-2722 to activate various cytokines including IL-12, IFN-γ, and type I IFNs leading to the accumulation and activation of immune cells including pDCs, M1 macrophages, and CD8 positive T cells in the tumor microenvironment, thus sharpening up the microenvironment into a “hot” one favorable for T-cell-mediated tumor killing. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.