MAPK1 and Parkinson disease: Through the above methods, we found that DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways and identified 10 hub genes that may be related to the pathogenesis of PD, namely, GNG3, MAPK1, FPR1, ATP5B, GNG2, PRKACA, HRAS, HSPA8, PSAP, and GABBR2. Among these, HRAS may have potential value in predicting the progression of PD.