TNF and Insulin resistance: Thus, it appears that in Sol and EDL muscles the intracellular accumulation of DAG and ceramides contributed to the development of insulin resistance in these muscles, whereas in Epit muscles the signalling of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 through CD40 and FAS, TLR4, and NF-kB likely played a more relevant role in HF diet-induced insulin resistance.