KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: There were significant differences between PCa and BPH patients in median scores (quartile range) of PI-RADS (5 (4, 5) vs. 2 (2, 2), p < 0.0001), age (68.9 ± 7.4 vs. 63.5 ± 8.9 years, p < 0.001), PSA concentrations (14.88 (9.05, 30.13) vs. 9.81 (7.26, 15.01) ng/ml, p < 0.001), and lesion volumes (2.50 (1.10, 6.00) vs. 1.05 (0.70, 1.70) cm3, p < 0.001) (Table 1).