CXCL11 and neoplasm: For example, effector immune cells, such as CD8 + Teff cells, IFN-γ-expressing T helper 1 (TH1) cells and natural killer (NK) cells, can be attracted to the tumor microenvironment by CXC-chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9), CXCL10 and CXCL11, and exert potent antitumor effects [129, 130].