Previous studies indicate that inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) may be involved in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy [19,20,21]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to retinal disorder.