EDN1 and endothelial dysfunction: Endothelial inflammation along with markers of endothelial function such as endothelin-1 (ET-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) have been found to be elevated in women with PCOS [79,80], and women with PCOS and insulin resistance often showed endothelial dysfunction.