The anti-helminth drug ivermectin and the anti-malaria drug artemisinin, both with wide coverage in the sub-Saharan helminth and malaria belt in Africa (see Figure 4f), inhibit the NF-κB pathway at various steps, with artemisinin also being a proteasome inhibitor, inhibiting the degradation of cytoplasmic inhibitor factor IκBα and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and malaria.