To investigate whether the H5N1 NS1 and PA-X protein variants differentially modulate innate immune responses in the context of viral infection, human HEK293T cells were co-transfected with pCAGGS plasmids expressing the H5N1 NS1 and PA-X variants, alone or in combinations, together with reporter plasmids expressing Firefly luciferase (Fluc) under the control of an IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter (Figure 2A), and a pCAGGS plasmid expressing Rluc (Figure 2B). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and viral infectious disease.