In addition, we and others have been able to demonstrate in previous studies how the inhibition of reporter gene expression (e.g., Luciferase) in cells expressing influenza NS1 and PA-X variants correlate with the levels of inhibition of real host genes including IFN and IFN-regulated genes [36,37,43,44,50,53,54,55]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is influenza.