In a phase 1b trial of T-VEC followed by anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) in advanced melanoma the CR rate was 33%, with most responding patients lacking CD8+ infiltration and an IFNγ signature at baseline, so-called ‘cold’ TME, contrary to what was seen in trials of ICIs alone [175]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is melanoma.