The pivotal phase III OPTiM clinical trial in patients with advanced melanoma (unresectable stage IIIB-IV) compared intratumoral T-VEC with subcutaneous GM-CSF and resulted in a complete response rate (CR) of 16.9% versus 0.7% and a median survival of 24.5 versus 18.9 months [154]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is melanoma.