TNF and infection: Consistent with these results, we also showed that THGP attenuated type I IFN responses and inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α upon infections with VSV and IAV, which are reported to be mainly sensed by RIG-I [5,31], whereas such a suppressing effect was not observed upon infection with EMCV, which is recognized by MDA5 [32].