IGF1R and glioblastoma: Moreover, luteolin exerts significant effects toward GBM; luteolin reduces the migration of human GBM cell lines by inhibiting the p-IGF-1R/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and it induces apoptosis through the intracellular ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels [10,34].