INS and cancer: Interestingly, plant-based phenolic compounds also modulate insulin actions improving insulin resistance which is a risk factor for several types of cancer [20].The mechanisms by which several bioactive food components of the MD, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, catechins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), may affect many cellular signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis emerged from numerous in vitro and in vivo studies which provide evidence for their ability to target various hallmarks of cancer with different mechanisms of action [17,18,21,22,23].