Arozarena et al. demonstrated that the expression of β-catenin and the melanocyte-specific transcription factor (MITF) are significantly reduced in areas of dermal invasion within primary tumors, and that an accumulation of cytoplasmic/nuclear β-catenin, which correlated with MITF expression levels in melanoma cells, inhibited invasion into 3D collagen systems [208]. This evidence concerns the gene MITF and melanoma.