It has been proposed that TGF-β induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through Smad 7, which interacts with TAK1 and MKK3, leading to the activation of p38 and the ensuing activation of AKT, the inactivation of GSK 3β, and the stabilization of β-catenin [53,273]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Familial prostate cancer.