Meanwhile, subsequent studies of dimebon and its analogs provided convincing evidence that this compound has a significant mitoprotective effect, inhibits the development of proteinopathy and affects a number of enzyme and receptor systems (such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 subtype serotonin receptors, NMDA- and AMPA-subtype glutamate receptors and some others involved in neurotransmission) [18,19,20,21,22]. The gene discussed is ACHE; the disease is proteostasis deficiencies.