Likewise, oral intake of Lactobacillus pentosus GMNL-77 significantly decreased erythematous scaling lesions in imiquimod-treated mice with epidermal hyperplasia and psoriasis-like skin inflammation, with decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-23/IL-17A axis-associated cytokine (IL-23, IL-17A/F and IL-22) levels in the skin and reduced IL-17- and IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells in the spleen. Here, TNF is linked to psoriasis.