BRD3 and infection: In addition to these pathogenicity islands, our strain also harbored most of the major listerial virulence genes, including those involved in bacterial adherence to the host intestinal epithelium and survival at a low availability of oxygen and nutrients (lap and fbpA), the secretion of active protein products (PrsA2), immune system modulation and evasion (pdgA, oatA,and intA), the oxidation of macrophages, and the development of infection (orfX) [1].